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.The web browser really loves to crash)llRhetorical question - figure of speech in the form of a question posed for rhetorical effect rather than to receive an answer, through statement.Rhetorical questions encourage the listener to reflect on what the implied answer to the question must be.(Does Jack Palmer ever learn?).llSimile - a figure of speech used to make a comparison between two things, usually with the words “like”, “than”, or “as”.(He ate like an animal.His mind is like a samurai's sword).llSynecdoche - (Greek: taking up together) a figure of speech in which the part stands for the whole and thus something else is understood within the thing mentioned, for example: Poland won the game.llSonnet -means little song form Italian.By the 13th century it had come to signify a poem of 14 lines following a strict rhyme scheme and logical structure.Traditionally English poets usually use iambic pentameter when writing sonnets.The convention associated with the sonnet has evolved over its history.llLament -song or poem expressing grief, regret or mourning.Many of the oldest and most lasting poems in human history have been laments.llDirge - a song of lament usually of a lyrical mood.The name derives from the beginning of the antiphon of the Office of the Dead: Dirge, Domine… (Direct, O Lord…).As a literary genre it comes from the Greek epicedium which was a mourning song sung over the dead and threnody sung in memory of the dead.llUbi sunt - (Latin: Where are they?) The opening words of a number mediaeval poems, they are now used to classify a particular kind of poem that dwells on and laments the transitory nature of life and beauty.Sometimes the words open a poem or begin each stanza, or serve as a refrain.The motif is present in many elegies.(The Wanderer)llElegy - (Greek: lament) - in classical literature was a poem which subjects were various: death, war, love.It was also used for epitaphs and commemorative verses and very often there was a mourning strain in them.Since the 16th century an elegy has come mean a poem of mourning for an individual, or a lament for some tragic event.Later the term came to be applied more and more to a serious meditative poem.llOde - (Greek: song) a lyric poem whose main features are an elaborate stanza structure; a marked formality and stateliness in tone and style (which makes it ceremonious), and lofty sentiments and thoughts.llHaiku - a Japanese verse form consisting of 17 syllables in 3 lines of five, seven and five syllables respectively.It expresses a single idea, image or feeling.Usually there is a central image or two contrasting images.The meaning can be very unclear.It is connected with mysticism, evocative.llLimerick - a type of light verse and a particularly popular fixed form in English.It usually consists of five predominantly anapaestic lines rhyming AABBA.The first, second and fifth lines are trimesters and the third and fourth are dimeters.It is nonsense, comic, children poetry.llPaean - any song of praise, joy, or triumph.A hymn of invocation or thanksgiving to Apollo or some other ancient Greek deity.llBallad - A narrative poem, often of folk origin and intended to be sung, consisting of simple stanzas and usually having a refrain.The music for such a poem.llObjective collative - correlation: relating two things.It is hard to express something directly in literature that is why there must be something else (metaphor) that will help to express it.Objective: every reader should see the author's intentions clearly.T.S.Elliot: the only way of expressing emotions in the form of art is by finding an objective collative - a set of objects, a situation, a chain of events which shall be the formula of that particular emotion.A successful artistic creation requires an exquisite balance between, and coalescence of, form and matter.llPoetic licence - the liberty allowed to the poet to wrest the language according to his needs, in the use of figurative speech, archaism, rhyme, strange syntax, etc.But this liberty depends on the end justifying means.The poet can break linguistic rules.l1lll
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